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+# MQTT Raw Ingestion Pipeline Implementation Plan
+
+> **For agentic workers:** REQUIRED: Use superpowers:subagent-driven-development (if subagents available) or superpowers:executing-plans to implement this plan. Steps use checkbox (`- [ ]`) syntax for tracking.
+
+**Goal:** Build a production-safe MQTT ingestion pipeline that subscribes to `terminal/{device_id}/raw`, stores payload bytes losslessly, parses NMEA + RTCM 3.2 type summaries asynchronously, and supports 90-day hot data plus local cold archive.
+
+**Architecture:** Use a DB-queue two-stage pipeline: `mqtt-ingestor` writes raw payloads to PostgreSQL immediately, and `parser-worker` asynchronously consumes pending rows to produce event/state tables. A separate archive job writes local cold files and manifest records, then prunes hot data beyond retention.
+
+**Tech Stack:** FastAPI/SQLModel/Alembic/PostgreSQL, paho-mqtt, pytest, Docker Compose.
+
+---
+
+## Scope Check
+
+This plan covers one cohesive subsystem (MQTT ingest + parse + archive pipeline). It intentionally excludes frontend UI and realtime push implementation, but produces backend data structures required for both.
+
+## Execution Skills
+
+- `@superpowers/test-driven-development`
+- `@superpowers/systematic-debugging`
+- `@superpowers/verification-before-completion`
+
+## File Structure Map
+
+### Create
+
+- `backend/app/mqtt/__init__.py` — MQTT package marker.
+- `backend/app/mqtt/topic.py` — topic parsing and validation (`device_id` extraction).
+- `backend/app/mqtt/repository.py` — DB helpers for raw insert, pending fetch, status update, event/state write, archive manifest.
+- `backend/app/mqtt/parsers/__init__.py` — parser package exports.
+- `backend/app/mqtt/parsers/nmea.py` — NMEA sentence extraction + structured fields.
+- `backend/app/mqtt/parsers/rtcm.py` — RTCM 3.x frame scan + type summary.
+- `backend/app/mqtt/parsers/mixed.py` — mixed payload scanner orchestrating NMEA + RTCM parsers.
+- `backend/app/mqtt/ingestor.py` — MQTT client callbacks + buffered DB flush.
+- `backend/app/mqtt/parser_worker.py` — pending job polling loop (`FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED`).
+- `backend/app/mqtt/archive_job.py` — local archive writer and retention cleanup.
+- `backend/app/alembic/versions/a1b2c3d4e5f6_add_mqtt_pipeline_tables.py` — migration for raw/event/state/archive tables.
+- `backend/tests/mqtt/test_topic.py` — unit tests for topic parser.
+- `backend/tests/mqtt/test_mixed_parser.py` — unit tests for mixed payload parse behavior.
+- `backend/tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py` — DB-backed tests for pending->parsed transitions.
+- `backend/tests/mqtt/test_archive_job.py` — archive/manifest/cleanup tests.
+
+### Modify
+
+- `backend/pyproject.toml` — add MQTT dependency (`paho-mqtt`).
+- `backend/app/core/config.py` — add MQTT and pipeline configuration env vars.
+- `backend/app/models.py` — add `TerminalMessageRaw`, `TerminalObservationEvent`, `TerminalDeviceState`, `TerminalRawArchiveManifest` models.
+- `compose.yml` — add production `mqtt-ingestor` and `mqtt-parser-worker` services.
+- `compose.override.yml` — add local dev services and optional archive runner profile.
+- `.env.production.example` — add MQTT and archive env examples.
+- `backend/README.md` — operational docs for running ingestor/worker/archive and verification commands.
+
+### Optional (if command wiring is needed)
+
+- `backend/pyproject.toml` entry points for CLI commands (`mqtt-ingestor`, `mqtt-parser-worker`, `mqtt-archive`).
+
+---
+
+### Task 1: Configuration + Topic Parsing Foundation
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `backend/app/mqtt/__init__.py`
+- Create: `backend/app/mqtt/topic.py`
+- Test: `backend/tests/mqtt/test_topic.py`
+- Modify: `backend/app/core/config.py`
+- Modify: `backend/pyproject.toml`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write failing tests for topic parsing**
+
+```python
+# backend/tests/mqtt/test_topic.py
+import pytest
+
+from app.mqtt.topic import extract_device_id
+
+
+def test_extract_device_id_success() -> None:
+    assert extract_device_id("terminal/device-001/raw") == "device-001"
+
+
+def test_extract_device_id_rejects_invalid_topic() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="terminal/.+/raw"):
+        extract_device_id("terminal/device-001/nmea")
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify it fails**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_topic.py -v`
+Expected: FAIL with `ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'app.mqtt.topic'`
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Implement minimal topic parser + config fields**
+
+```python
+# backend/app/mqtt/topic.py
+import re
+
+TOPIC_RE = re.compile(r"^terminal/(?P<device_id>[^/]+)/raw$")
+
+
+def extract_device_id(topic: str) -> str:
+    match = TOPIC_RE.match(topic)
+    if not match:
+        raise ValueError("topic must match terminal/{device_id}/raw")
+    return match.group("device_id")
+```
+
+```python
+# backend/app/core/config.py (additions)
+MQTT_HOST: str = "101.35.119.226"
+MQTT_PORT: int = 1883
+MQTT_USERNAME: str = ""
+MQTT_PASSWORD: str = ""
+MQTT_TOPIC_PATTERN: str = "terminal/+/raw"
+MQTT_CLIENT_ID: str = "spatialhub-mqtt-ingestor"
+RAW_HOT_RETENTION_DAYS: int = 90
+RAW_ARCHIVE_BASE_DIR: str = "/data/archive/gnss"
+PARSER_BATCH_SIZE: int = 200
+PARSER_POLL_INTERVAL_MS: int = 300
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Run tests to verify pass**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_topic.py -v`
+Expected: PASS
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/app/mqtt/__init__.py backend/app/mqtt/topic.py backend/tests/mqtt/test_topic.py backend/app/core/config.py backend/pyproject.toml
+git commit -m "feat: add MQTT topic parsing and pipeline config"
+```
+
+### Task 2: Add DB Schema for Raw/Event/State/Archive
+
+**Files:**
+- Modify: `backend/app/models.py`
+- Create: `backend/app/alembic/versions/a1b2c3d4e5f6_add_mqtt_pipeline_tables.py`
+- Test: `backend/tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write failing DB test for raw row persistence**
+
+```python
+# backend/tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py
+from sqlmodel import Session
+
+from app.models import TerminalMessageRaw
+
+
+def test_terminal_message_raw_model_can_persist(db: Session) -> None:
+    row = TerminalMessageRaw(
+        device_id="device-001",
+        topic="terminal/device-001/raw",
+        payload_bytes=b"$GPGGA,123519,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,1,12,0.8,10.0,M,-25.0,M,,*65\r\n",
+    )
+    db.add(row)
+    db.commit()
+    db.refresh(row)
+    assert row.id is not None
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify it fails**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py::test_terminal_message_raw_model_can_persist -v`
+Expected: FAIL with `ImportError`/`AttributeError` for missing `TerminalMessageRaw`
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Implement models and migration**
+
+```python
+# backend/app/models.py (new table skeleton example)
+class TerminalMessageRaw(SQLModel, table=True):
+    id: uuid.UUID = Field(default_factory=uuid.uuid4, primary_key=True)
+    device_id: str = Field(index=True)
+    topic: str
+    received_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=get_datetime_utc, sa_type=DateTime(timezone=True))
+    payload_bytes: bytes
+    payload_size: int
+    payload_sha256: str = Field(max_length=64, index=True)
+    parse_status: str = Field(default="pending", index=True)
+```
+
+```python
+# alembic upgrade should create:
+# terminal_message_raw, terminal_observation_event, terminal_device_state, terminal_raw_archive_manifest
+```
+
+```bash
+# if creating from CLI
+cd backend && ../.venv/bin/alembic revision --autogenerate -m "add mqtt pipeline tables" --rev-id a1b2c3d4e5f6
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Run migration + targeted test**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/alembic upgrade head`
+Expected: migration applies without errors
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py::test_terminal_message_raw_model_can_persist -v`
+Expected: PASS
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/app/models.py backend/app/alembic/versions/*.py backend/tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py
+git commit -m "feat: add MQTT pipeline database schema"
+```
+
+### Task 3: Implement Raw Ingestion Repository + MQTT Ingestor
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `backend/app/mqtt/repository.py`
+- Create: `backend/app/mqtt/ingestor.py`
+- Test: `backend/tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write failing test for raw insert helper**
+
+```python
+def test_insert_raw_message_sets_pending_status(db: Session) -> None:
+    row = insert_raw_message(
+        session=db,
+        device_id="device-001",
+        topic="terminal/device-001/raw",
+        payload=b"$GPRMC,123520,A,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,0.13,309.62,120598,,,A*74\r\n",
+        qos=1,
+        retain=False,
+    )
+    assert row.parse_status == "pending"
+    assert row.payload_size > 0
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify failure**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py::test_insert_raw_message_sets_pending_status -v`
+Expected: FAIL with `NameError`/missing repository function
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Implement repository + ingestor callback path**
+
+```python
+# backend/app/mqtt/repository.py
+
+def insert_raw_message(*, session: Session, device_id: str, topic: str, payload: bytes, qos: int, retain: bool) -> TerminalMessageRaw:
+    row = TerminalMessageRaw(
+        device_id=device_id,
+        topic=topic,
+        payload_bytes=payload,
+        payload_size=len(payload),
+        payload_sha256=hashlib.sha256(payload).hexdigest(),
+        qos=qos,
+        retain=retain,
+        parse_status="pending",
+    )
+    session.add(row)
+    session.commit()
+    session.refresh(row)
+    return row
+```
+
+```python
+# backend/app/mqtt/ingestor.py (callback shape)
+def on_message(client: Client, userdata: object, message: MQTTMessage) -> None:
+    device_id = extract_device_id(message.topic)
+    with Session(engine) as session:
+        insert_raw_message(
+            session=session,
+            device_id=device_id,
+            topic=message.topic,
+            payload=message.payload,
+            qos=message.qos,
+            retain=message.retain,
+        )
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Run tests for repository path**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py -k insert_raw_message -v`
+Expected: PASS
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/app/mqtt/repository.py backend/app/mqtt/ingestor.py backend/tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py
+git commit -m "feat: persist MQTT raw messages via ingestor repository"
+```
+
+### Task 4: Build NMEA Parser for GGA/RMC/GSV/GSA/GST
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `backend/app/mqtt/parsers/__init__.py`
+- Create: `backend/app/mqtt/parsers/nmea.py`
+- Test: `backend/tests/mqtt/test_mixed_parser.py`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write failing tests for NMEA extraction**
+
+```python
+def test_parse_nmea_sentences_extracts_gga_and_rmc() -> None:
+    payload = b"$GPGGA,123519,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,1,08,0.9,545.4,M,46.9,M,,*47\r\n$GPRMC,123520,A,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,0.13,309.62,120598,,,A*10\r\n"
+    events = parse_nmea_sentences(payload)
+    assert {e["event_type"] for e in events} >= {"nmea_gga", "nmea_rmc"}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify failure**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_mixed_parser.py -k nmea -v`
+Expected: FAIL with missing parser function
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Implement minimal NMEA parser**
+
+```python
+# backend/app/mqtt/parsers/nmea.py
+
+def parse_nmea_sentences(payload: bytes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    events: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for raw_line in payload.splitlines():
+        if not raw_line.startswith(b"$"):
+            continue
+        line = raw_line.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+        talker_and_type = line[3:6].lower()
+        if talker_and_type in {"gga", "rmc", "gsv", "gsa", "gst"}:
+            events.append({"event_type": f"nmea_{talker_and_type}", "raw": line})
+    return events
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Run NMEA tests**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_mixed_parser.py -k nmea -v`
+Expected: PASS
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/app/mqtt/parsers/__init__.py backend/app/mqtt/parsers/nmea.py backend/tests/mqtt/test_mixed_parser.py
+git commit -m "feat: parse NMEA sentences into observation events"
+```
+
+### Task 5: Build RTCM Summary + Mixed Payload Scanner
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `backend/app/mqtt/parsers/rtcm.py`
+- Create: `backend/app/mqtt/parsers/mixed.py`
+- Test: `backend/tests/mqtt/test_mixed_parser.py`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write failing test for RTCM type summary in mixed payload**
+
+```python
+def test_parse_mixed_payload_returns_rtcm_summary() -> None:
+    payload = (
+        b"$GPGSV,1,1,04,02,17,213,40,05,29,121,37,12,66,314,44,25,14,048,39*71\r\n"
+        + b"\xd3\x00\x13"
+        + b"\x43\x50\x00"
+        + b"\x00" * 16
+    )
+    result = parse_mixed_payload(payload)
+    assert "rtcm_summary" in {e["event_type"] for e in result}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify failure**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_mixed_parser.py -k rtcm -v`
+Expected: FAIL with missing mixed parser
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Implement RTCM scanner and orchestrator**
+
+```python
+# backend/app/mqtt/parsers/rtcm.py
+
+def summarize_rtcm_types(payload: bytes) -> dict[int, int]:
+    counts: dict[int, int] = {}
+    i = 0
+    while i + 5 < len(payload):
+        if payload[i] != 0xD3:
+            i += 1
+            continue
+        length = ((payload[i + 1] & 0x03) << 8) | payload[i + 2]
+        end = i + 3 + length + 3
+        if end > len(payload):
+            break
+        msg_type = ((payload[i + 3] << 4) | (payload[i + 4] >> 4)) & 0x0FFF
+        counts[msg_type] = counts.get(msg_type, 0) + 1
+        i = end
+    return counts
+```
+
+```python
+# backend/app/mqtt/parsers/mixed.py
+
+def parse_mixed_payload(payload: bytes) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    events = parse_nmea_sentences(payload)
+    rtcm_counts = summarize_rtcm_types(payload)
+    if rtcm_counts:
+        events.append({"event_type": "rtcm_summary", "rtcm_types": rtcm_counts})
+    return events
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Run mixed parser tests**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_mixed_parser.py -v`
+Expected: PASS
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/app/mqtt/parsers/rtcm.py backend/app/mqtt/parsers/mixed.py backend/tests/mqtt/test_mixed_parser.py
+git commit -m "feat: add RTCM type summary and mixed payload parser"
+```
+
+### Task 6: Implement Parser Worker (Pending Queue -> Event/State)
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `backend/app/mqtt/parser_worker.py`
+- Modify: `backend/app/mqtt/repository.py`
+- Test: `backend/tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write failing worker test for status transitions and event writes**
+
+```python
+def test_worker_marks_success_and_writes_events(db: Session) -> None:
+    raw = insert_raw_message(
+        session=db,
+        device_id="device-001",
+        topic="terminal/device-001/raw",
+        payload=b"$GPGGA,123519,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,1,12,0.8,10.0,M,-25.0,M,,*65\r\n",
+        qos=1,
+        retain=False,
+    )
+    processed = process_pending_batch(session=db, batch_size=10)
+    assert processed == 1
+    db.refresh(raw)
+    assert raw.parse_status == "succeeded"
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify failure**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py -k worker -v`
+Expected: FAIL with missing `process_pending_batch`
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Implement pending fetch with row locking and worker loop**
+
+```python
+# repository fetch query shape
+select(TerminalMessageRaw).where(
+    TerminalMessageRaw.parse_status == "pending"
+).order_by(TerminalMessageRaw.received_at).with_for_update(
+    skip_locked=True
+).limit(batch_size)
+```
+
+```python
+# parser_worker.py
+
+def process_pending_batch(*, session: Session, batch_size: int) -> int:
+    rows = fetch_pending_rows_for_update(session=session, batch_size=batch_size)
+    for row in rows:
+        mark_processing(session=session, row=row)
+        events = parse_mixed_payload(row.payload_bytes)
+        write_events_and_update_state(session=session, row=row, events=events)
+        mark_succeeded(session=session, row=row)
+    return len(rows)
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Run parser worker tests**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py -v`
+Expected: PASS
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/app/mqtt/parser_worker.py backend/app/mqtt/repository.py backend/tests/mqtt/test_parser_worker.py
+git commit -m "feat: add async parser worker for pending raw messages"
+```
+
+### Task 7: Implement Local Archive Job + 90-Day Hot Retention Cleanup
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `backend/app/mqtt/archive_job.py`
+- Test: `backend/tests/mqtt/test_archive_job.py`
+- Modify: `backend/app/mqtt/repository.py`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write failing archive test for byte-accurate output and manifest**
+
+```python
+def test_archive_writes_raw_bytes_and_manifest(tmp_path: Path, db: Session) -> None:
+    seed_old_raw_rows(db, days_ago=91, payloads=[b"abc", b"\x01\x02"])
+    output = run_archive_once(session=db, archive_base_dir=tmp_path)
+    archived_file = Path(output[0].file_path)
+    assert archived_file.read_bytes() == b"abc\x01\x02"
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify failure**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_archive_job.py -v`
+Expected: FAIL with missing archive job implementation
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Implement archive writer and retention cleanup**
+
+```python
+# backend/app/mqtt/archive_job.py
+
+def archive_day(*, session: Session, device_id: str, day_start: datetime, output_path: Path) -> None:
+    with output_path.open("wb") as f:
+        rows = fetch_rows_for_archive(session=session, device_id=device_id, day_start=day_start)
+        for row in rows:
+            f.write(row.payload_bytes)
+    write_manifest(session=session, device_id=device_id, day_start=day_start, output_path=output_path, rows=rows)
+    delete_archived_hot_rows(session=session, archived_rows=rows)
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Run archive tests**
+
+Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt/test_archive_job.py -v`
+Expected: PASS
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/app/mqtt/archive_job.py backend/app/mqtt/repository.py backend/tests/mqtt/test_archive_job.py
+git commit -m "feat: add local archive job with hot retention cleanup"
+```
+
+### Task 8: Runtime Wiring, Compose Services, and Operational Docs
+
+**Files:**
+- Modify: `compose.yml`
+- Modify: `compose.override.yml`
+- Modify: `.env.production.example`
+- Modify: `backend/README.md`
+- Modify: `backend/pyproject.toml` (CLI scripts if used)
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write failing smoke checklist (documented commands) for ingestor/worker startup**
+
+```text
+# backend/README.md verification block should include:
+1) start db/backend/mqtt services
+2) publish sample payload to terminal/device-001/raw
+3) verify raw/event/state rows in postgres
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run local startup command and capture expected failure before wiring**
+
+Run: `docker compose up -d mqtt-ingestor mqtt-parser-worker`
+Expected: FAIL with `no such service` before compose changes
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Add compose services + env vars + runbook commands**
+
+```yaml
+# compose service shape
+mqtt-ingestor:
+  command: ["python", "-m", "app.mqtt.ingestor"]
+mqtt-parser-worker:
+  command: ["python", "-m", "app.mqtt.parser_worker"]
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Run end-to-end verification commands**
+
+Run:
+- `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt -v`
+- `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/api/routes -v`
+- `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/mypy app`
+- `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/ruff check app`
+
+Expected: all PASS
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add compose.yml compose.override.yml .env.production.example backend/README.md backend/pyproject.toml
+git commit -m "chore: wire mqtt ingestor and parser worker runtime configuration"
+```
+
+## Final Verification Gate
+
+- [ ] Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/pytest tests/mqtt tests/api/routes -v`
+- [ ] Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/mypy app`
+- [ ] Run: `cd backend && ../.venv/bin/ruff check app && ../.venv/bin/ruff format app --check`
+- [ ] Run a manual MQTT publish and verify DB rows (`raw`, `event`, `state`) update.
+- [ ] Confirm archive output filename format: `device_<id>_<start>_<end>.txt` and content is byte-identical concatenation.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+- Keep ingestor lightweight; no heavy parsing inside MQTT callbacks.
+- Any parse failure must retain raw row and set retry metadata.
+- Do not add metadata into archive download file bytes; only payload concatenation is allowed.
+- Use UTC timestamps everywhere for consistent retention and download range slicing.